The promotion of biofuels is a political priority and part of the European
energy-climate policy. The EC Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use
of energy from renewable sources introduced a binding target of 10 % share of
renewable energy in transport by 2020. For this target, biofuels will make a
substantial contribution. In addition, Directive 2009/30/EC allows for the
blending of ethanol into petrol up to 10 % (v/v) and for a FAME content of 7 %
(v/v) in diesel.
In 2013, the European Parliament stated its intention to place a 6 % cap on
first-generation biofuels and a 2.5 % incorporation threshold of advanced
biofuels, produced from waste or algae, but these initial ambitions were cut
down in the draft directive on the change of land use (June 2014). This
agreement imposes a minimum level of 7 % of final energy consumption in
transport in 2020 for first-generation biofuels and does not provide for a
binding incorporation target for advanced second and third generation biofuels.
The agreement is still in a draft version, a final decision is expected for
2015 (EurObserv’ER 2014).
Future expansion of biofuels in road transport up to 2020 and beyond
depends on a favourable regulatory environment for advanced biofuels value
chains, in particular to support:
· availability of more diverse feedstocks including
energy crops, wastes and residues
· demonstration of innovative thermochemical,
biochemical and chemical conversion technologies at commercial scale
· market development of advanced biofuels through
support mechanisms at national and EC level
Global expansion of biofuels use in road transport also depends on the
ongoing development of:
· CI and DI engines able to use higher blends of ethanol
and diesel
· the development of drop-in biofuels with properties
'near-identical' to their fossil fuel counterparts. Drop-in fuels can be used
in standard engines at much higher blend levels than conventional biofuels, or
even at 100% with similar performance.
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